Climate Crisis Explainer - Complete Site — References
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# References
Curated scientific and policy sources for the Climate Crisis Explainer.
## IPCC Reports
| Document | Key Findings | Link |
|--|--|--|
| [AR6 Working Group I (2021)](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/) | The physical science basis — atmosphere, oceans, cryosphere, biosphere | ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/ |
| [AR6 Working Group II (2022)](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/) | Impacts, adaptation, vulnerability — sectoral and regional analysis | ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg2/ |
| [AR6 Working Group III (2022)](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/) | Mitigation of climate change — pathways, scenarios, policy | ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg3/ |
| [AR6 Synthesis Report (2023)](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/) | Summary of all three WGs — "climate change is a code red for humanity" | ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/ |
| [Special Report on 1.5°C (2018)](https://www.ipcc.ch/sr15/) | What it takes to limit warming to 1.5°C vs 2°C | ipcc.ch/sr15/ |
| [Special Report on Ocean and Cryosphere (2019)](https://www.ipcc.ch/srocc/) | Ocean and sea-level rise, Arctic changes, coastal impacts | ipcc.ch/srocc/ |
## IEA Reports
| Report | Key Findings | Link |
|--|--|--|
| [Net Zero Emissions 2050](https://www.iea.org/reports/net-zero-by-2050) | 400+ milestones for global net-zero transition | iea.org/reports/net-zero-by-2050 |
| [World Energy Investment 2024](https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-investment-2024) | Clean energy investment must double to $5.7 trillion/year by 2030 | iea.org/reports/world-energy-investment-2024 |
| [Energy Market Report 2024](https://www.iea.org/reports/energy-market-report-2024) | G20 energy transition progress, coal phase-out, renewables | iea.org/reports/energy-market-report-2024 |
| [Green Hydrogen 2024](https://www.iea.org/reports/green-hydrogen-2024) | Cost curves, production scale-up pathways, policy frameworks | iea.org/reports/green-hydrogen-2024 |
| [Net Zero Roadmap 2025 Update](https://www.iea.org/reports/net-zero-roadmap-2025-update) | Latest progress tracking against net-zero milestones | iea.org/reports/net-zero-roadmap-2025-update |
## UNEP Reports
| Report | Key Findings | Link |
|--|--|--|
| [Emissions Gap Report 2024](https://www.unep.org/explore-topics/what-we-do/climate-change/emissions-gap-report-2024) | Current emissions trajectories vs. 1.5°C target; climate action co-benefits could reach $98 trillion by 2050 | unep.org/explore-topics/what-we-do/climate-change/emissions-gap-report-2024 |
| [Adaptation Gap Report 2024](https://www.unep.org/resources/adaptation-gap-report-2024) | The $394B/year funding gap for developing nations; private finance flow analysis | unep.org/resources/adaptation-gap-report-2024 |
| [Climate Finance 2024](https://www.unep.org/resources/climate-finance-2024) | Climate finance flows: $1.3 trillion in 2023, still far from $4.3 trillion needed by 2030 | unep.org/resources/climate-finance-2024 |
## Key Academic Papers
| Paper | Finding | Link |
|--|--|--|
| [IPCC AR6 WGI Chapter 3](https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/chapter/chapter-3/) | Human influence unequivocally caused global warming; attribution science advances | ipcc.ch/report/ar6/wg1/ |
| [Hansen et al. (2016)](https://www.nasa.gov/press-release/hansen-global-temperature-change) | Climate sensitivity estimates, tipping point risks at 1.5–2°C | nasa.gov |
| [Lenton et al. (2019), Nature](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-019-1332-8) | 9 climate tipping points identified; risk of cascade effects | nature.com |
| [Schwalm et al. (2020), Nature Climate Change](https://www.nature.com/articles/s41558-020-00929-1) | Carbon budget remaining: 420 GtCO₂ for 66% chance at 1.5°C | nature.com |
## Data Sources
| Source | What It Tracks | Link |
|--|--|--|
| [NOAA Climate.gov](https://www.noaa.gov/climate) | Global temperature, CO₂, ocean heat, Arctic sea ice | noaa.gov/climate |
| [NASA GISS Surface Temperature Analysis](https://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/) | Monthly global temperature anomalies since 1880 | data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp |
| [Our World in Data](https://ourworldindata.org/climate-change) | Emissions, energy, land use — all data visualized | owid.co |
| [Global Carbon Project](https://www.globalcarbonproject.org/carbonbudget/) | Annual global carbon budget, country emissions | globalcarbonproject.org |
| [WMO Greenhouse Gas Bulletin](https://public.wmo.int/en/our-mandate/wmo-greenhouse-gas-bulletin) | Atmospheric concentrations of CO₂, CH₄, N₂O | wmo.int |
| [NSIDC Arctic Sea Ice News](https://nsidc.org/arcticseaicenews/) | Arctic and Antarctic sea ice extent and area | nsidc.org |
| [IEA Energy Statistics](https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics) | Global energy production, consumption, and investment data | iea.org/data-and-statistics |
## Policy Frameworks
| Framework | Status | Link |
|--|--|--|
| [Paris Agreement (2015)](https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement) | 198 parties; 1.5°C target; NDCs every 5 years | unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement |
| [UNFCCC COP29 (2024)](https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement/the-paris-agreement-at-cop29) | New Climate Finance Goal agreed: $300B/year from developed nations by 2035 | unfccc.int |
| [Kigali Amendment (2016)](https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-kigali-amendment) | Phase-down of HFCs (powerful greenhouse gases) | unfccc.int |
| [Global Methane Pledge](https://www.globalmethanepledge.org/) | 150+ countries committed to 30% methane reduction by 2030 | globalmethanepledge.org |
| [COP26 Glasgow Climate Pact](https://unfccc.int/news/the-glasgow-climate-pact) | Coal phase-down, deforestation pledge, carbon markets | unfccc.int |
Source data from multiple international organizations forms the backbone of climate science.