Further Reading on Offshore Wind Economics
For those interested in diving deeper into the technical and economic dimensions of offshore wind, these additional resources provide complementary perspectives.
Supply Chain & Manufacturing
Global Offshore Wind Council (2025). Supply Chain Outlook: From Boom to Bust and Back. Analysis of turbine manufacturing capacity utilization (down to 50% in 2024), raw material price trends (steel, copper, rare earths), and the impact of European local content requirements on global supply chains.
DNV (2024). Outlook for Energy: Offshore Wind. Technology roadmap covering turbine size evolution (15-20 MW class by 2030), installation vessel fleet expansion, and the transition from fixed-bottom to floating foundations in deeper waters.
McKinsey & Company (2024). Offshore Wind: The Roadmap to Profitability. Industry analysis of the path from project cancellations to recovery, emphasizing supply chain consolidation, standardized designs, and long-term supplier agreements as keys to restoring investor confidence.
Market Design & Finance
Nature Energy (2024). Offshore Wind: From Project to Portfolio. Practical guide from one of Europe's largest offshore wind developers on portfolio risk management, hedging strategies, and the economics of multi-site development.
Carbon Tracker (2024). Stranded Assets in Renewable Energy: Lessons from Offshore Wind. Financial analysis of how policy whiplash creates stranded asset risk even for successful projects, with implications for insurance and financing costs.
IEA (2024). Grid Integration of Variable Renewables: Offshore Wind Case Study. Technical analysis of grid connection challenges, curtailment costs, and the value of interconnectors in balancing offshore wind variability across European markets.
Floating Wind Specifically
EWWA (2024). Floating Offshore Wind: Technology Roadmap 2024. European Wind Energy Association's technology roadmap covering semi-submersible, spar-buoy, and tension-leg platform designs, with cost reduction targets to €80/MWh by 2030.
Shell (2025). Trianel Borkum Riffgrund 3: Floating Wind Project Update. Shell's annual progress report on its first commercial floating wind farm off Germany's coast, including installation milestones and early performance data.
International Perspectives
China Energy Engineering Corporation (2024). China's Offshore Wind Development Plan 2021-2025. Official Chinese government plan for offshore wind expansion, including installation targets, technology development goals, and supply chain self-sufficiency objectives.
USDOE (2025). Offshore Wind Supply Chain Study. Federal analysis of US domestic manufacturing capacity for offshore wind components, supply chain gaps, and recommendations for building competitive domestic supply.